Computer Science

The autonomy of the individual systems and the fact that these systems were connected by wide-area networks with latency higher than the latency of the interconnection network of a supercomputer posed serious challenges to this vision. Nevertheless, several “Grand Challenge” problems, such as protein folding, financial modeling, earthquake simulation, and climate/weather modeling, run successfully on specialized grids. 8 compulsory modules at level 5, covering programming skills needed for software projects and specialist topics such as Graphics Programming and Data Science. As you represent a broad role in IT, your job will be similar to that of systems analysts, systems designers and applications programmers, whose roles are more specialized but nonetheless work on a consultancy basis.

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The Standards Eastern Automatic Computer is among the first stored program computers completed in the United States. It was built in Washington DC as a test-bed for evaluating components and systems as well as for setting computer standards. It was also one of the first computers to use all-diode logic, a technology more reliable than vacuum tubes.

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Each Cray-1 took a full year to assemble and test and cost about $10 million. Typical applications included US national defense work, including the design and simulation of nuclear weapons, and weather forecasting. Modeled after the Cambridge University EDSAC computer, the president of Lyons Tea Co. has the LEO built to solve the problem of production scheduling and delivery of cakes to the hundreds of Lyons tea shops around England. After the success of the first LEO, Lyons went into business manufacturing computers to meet the growing need for data processing systems in business. The LEO was England’s first commercial computer and was performing useful work before any other commercial computer system in the world. The Univac 1 is the first commercial computer to attract widespread public attention.

Thousands of software titles were released over the lifespan of the C64 and by the time it was discontinued in 1993, it had sold more than 22 million units. It is recognized by the 2006 Guinness Book of World Records as the greatest selling single computer of all time. Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. In all, about 200 of the boards were sold before Apple announced the follow-on Apple II a year later as a ready-to-use computer for consumers, a model which sold in the millions for nearly two decades. The Mark-8 “Do-It-Yourself” kit is designed by graduate student John Titus and uses the Intel 8008 microprocessor.

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Later, computers began utilizing transistors and smaller and cheaper parts that allowed the ordinary person to own a computer. Financial support for ScienceDaily comes from advertisements and referral programs, where indicated. The building blocks of life-saving therapeutics could be developed in days instead of years thanks to new software that simulates evolution. Analyzing breast-cancer tumors with artificial intelligence has the potential to improve healthcare efficiency and outcomes, but doctors should proceed cautiously, according to a new ...

However, as any information can be numerically encoded, people soon realized that computers are capable of general-purpose information processing. Their capacity to handle large amounts of data has extended the range and accuracy of weather forecasting. Their speed has allowed them to make decisions about routing telephone connections through a network and to control mechanical systems such as automobiles, nuclear reactors, and robotic surgical tools.

View our project gallery — play some of the games or try out some of the apps that students have created. You can “remix” the project to make it your own, or build something new in App Lab, Game Lab, or Web Lab. In this series of eight short videos, you’ll learn how the internet was invented, what HTML is, and how search engines like Google work.

Workstation computer systems are more powerful than most standard desktops. They're better-equipped to accommodate high-demand tasks like animation, video production, and CAD. Workstations are built to out-perform other machines and to run demanding processes for extended periods. During that time host computers were very large and expensive machines, like the famous MARK I, ENIAC, and EDVAC, etc.